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Smart Cards Lab COMPGA12 University College London

12 High-Level Exploration of RFID Memory Cards

on the Example of MiFare Classic

We will be further exploring MiFare Classic cards.

12.1 Software and Hardware Setup and Troubleshooting

Again we use one of the APDU programs described in Section 4.4. (recommended software is one of the three

SpringCard tools that contains 3 programs, and EACH of these 3 programs allows to do the exercises.)

The exercise can be done with either ACR122 or Omnikey 5321. With

Omnikey 5321 one needs to be careful because it actually contains two read-

ers in one. So one needs always to choose the right one at program startup,

OMNIKEY CardMan 5x21-CL 0, which is the contactless version.

At the beginning one needs to select the right reader. then one needs to

connect to the card.

If something goes wrong or a commands fail, one may to need to remove

the card, put it back again.

Because many protocols are stateful, for example, once we have done

a successful authentication some data can be read, otherwise the READ

instruction fails. Therefore it is important to do everything in order.

Again it can be sometimes useful to disconnect/reconnect the reader and

the card, (this is done at diﬀerent levels with software buttons or with the

USB cable) and sometimes it is necessary to restart the software.

12.2 Which Cards to Use

MiFare Classic cards are the same as used in buildings, London Oyster

cards, OV-Chipkaarts in the Netherlands, Warsaw city cards, student cards

at many universities etc.

Here it is recommended to use blank cards, because we will be actually

modifying them, and it is very important to be careful and follow the in-

structions exactly and note the data obtained in the form so that we can

restore the previous data after changing them.

The original is known as Philips/NXP MF1 IC S50 but it exists also many other ”compatible” chips by

various manufacturers, including unlicensed (illegal) clones manufactured in China, India and Russia (they are

legal in these countries). More than 1 billion of these chips have been sold, 200 million are currently in circulation,

and 70 % of all contactless cards worldwide are MiFare Classic.

Quiz MiFare Classic follows (partly and with important variations) the fol-

lowing standard:

ISO 18000 ISO 14443 A

Nicolas T. Courtois 2009-10

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